Looking at
https://www.smythweather.net/check-fetch-times.php?show=versions shows you have a lot of updates to scripts to apply to your site. Also, your site is running the (unsupported) PHP 5.5 version .. in order to run PHP 7.x or 8.x you will need to update all of the scripts, and some of your pages as the various PHP version updates have removed some older built-in functions that older scripts used.
Regarding the cloud-base.php script, you're running Version 1.9 from 07 May 2009. That version only had astronomy tables that extended through 2021, and that's the reason you see the "Date must be before Sun, 02 Jan 2022 13:35:42 -0500" message instead of an image.
The current cloud-base.php version from my Legacy Scripts area is Version 2.4 .. you can download it from
here. To prep for the unavoidable PHP upgraded in the future, you should get your site ready now by updating the scripts. Also, in header.php, you have to replace the split( function call with explode( otherwise, PHP7.0+ will have a fatal error and not display your site (as the split() function was removed).