Criticism of the tectonic hypothesis.
1. Why do earthquakes occur both at the junction of tectonic plates and in the center of the plate?
2. The assertion that tension is accumulating at the junction of tectonic plates, unsupported information.
a) How much greater is the density of tectonic plates at the junction than in the middle of the plate?
b) Does tectonics affect the rate of well drilling?
3. A seismic wave on the surface of the earth can only be created by an impact, and not by compression of the lithospheric plates.
After compression, the earth's crust is not unclenched, but compacted.
The soil compaction ratio is 95%.
https://buildingclub.ru/kojefficient-uplotnenija/?amp=1The above can be easily checked by setting up an experiment.
4. If the lithospheric plates were constantly moving one on top of the other, then the globe would tremble and hum, especially in zones of seismic activity.
5. Tectonic plates cannot have the properties of a spring or rubber.
a) this can be easily verified by experiment.
6. What happens to the islands when the continental crust creeps over the oceanic crust?
7. If oceanic lithospheric plates go under the continental ones - how did the fossils of marine animals end up high in the mountains?
https://bigenc.ru/biology/text/2704413a) At the same time, fossils of marine animals are found in Iceland, despite the fact that in Iceland, the lithospheric plates diverge.
https://en.ni.is/geology/fossilsb) If the Indian Plate goes under the Eurasian Plate, how did the marine animal fossils end up in the Himalayas?
In the Himalayas, high in the mountains, fossils of land animals should be found.
https://proekt7d.ru/okamenelosti/c) Fossils of marine animals were found on the entire surface of the earth, including in deserts, but they were not preserved everywhere.
http://evolution.powernet.ru/history/Earth_04/d) If fossils of marine animals are found in mountain ranges, this means that as a result of seismic activity, the ridge rose from the ocean floor, like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
e) Fossils of marine animals on the surface of the earth - proof that the surface of the earth is not renewed.
8. If mountain systems were formed as a result of collision of lithospheric plates, the mountain systems would have a different shape and would be much higher, since the oceanic or continental crust that descends to the core of the Earth has a high buoyancy.
https://autogear.ru/article/287/111/subduktsiya---eto-opredelenie-tipyi-i-protsess-subduktsii/9. There is no information about the number, speed, direction of movement and size of tectonic plates.
a) if there are 13 lithospheric plates on the Earth, then there should be about 100 tectonic plates.
b) how many tectonic plates are there on the Eurasian lithospheric plate?
c) there is no description of the mechanism of interaction of tectonic plates.
d) Do tectonic plates sink into the Earth's mantle, reaching the depth of the outer core.
10. Why is the epicenter circular rather than elongated along the fault line?
11. Why is the epicenter circular rather than elongated along the fault line?
12. During earthquakes, people and objects that are at the epicenter are strongly thrown up. I believe only an underground explosion is capable of this.
Then, from the epicenter, waves spread in all four directions, due to which the buildings sway like ships on waves.
a) according to the tectonic hypothesis of earthquakes, vibrations from the epicenter should diverge not in four directions, but only in two directions. By forming a horizontal vibration of the earth's crust, which would be extremely destructive.
13. Vibrations from earthquakes are transmitted in the form of seismic waves over a distance of more than 10 thousand km.
a) then why seismic waves do not provoke earthquakes in other regions of the Earth.
http://www.evgengusev.narod.ru/spb/zhirnov-2011.html14. According to the tectonic hypothesis of earthquakes, a seismic wave moves along the Earth's crust.
And according to the explosive hypothesis, a seismic wave can move both along the earth's crust and under the earth's crust (along magma - like a tsunami wave in the ocean).
https://youtu.be/9bJwTkruL0g15. The volcano can erupt both upward and towards the core of the earth.
If a volcano erupts towards the core of the earth, then tsunami waves from the volcanic mountain scatter in different directions.
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=U7pNie2403A&feature=youtu.beb) Perhaps one of these earthquakes occurred in the Sea of Okhotsk, in 2013. Then the seismic tsunami wave reached Moscow.
https://uc.xyz/SyD44?pub=linkhttps://news.ucsc.edu/2013/09/deep-earthquake.htmlc) After major earthquakes, the seismic wave goes around half of the globe. I believe that only a seismic tsunami wave, which moves under the Earth's crust, is capable of this.
https://www.hmong.press/wiki/1994_Bolivia_earthquake16. There is also no exhaustive explanation of the mechanism of movement of seismic waves, from the source of the earthquake to the Earth's surface at a distance of more than 700 km.
a) as a seismic wave, moving from the source to the epicenter, over a distance of more than 700 km. falls exactly on the fault line.
https://uc.xyz/SyD44?pub=link17. According to the tectonic hypothesis of earthquakes, the diameter of the epicentral area depends on the depth of the source and can exceed 1000 km.
a) what will be the diameter of the epicentral area if the source depth is 700 km.
https://uc.xyz/SyD44?pub=linkb) what will be the diameter of the epicentral region if the earthquake source is located in the center of the Earth?
18. How to explain the fact that all seaquakes occur only at the foot of the islands and continents.
Why, in a clear sea or ocean, seaquakes do not occur.
19. The tectonic hypothesis of earthquakes can be easily tested if two clay slabs are moved towards each other in a basin with water.
It is believed that cells are formed in the mantle, at the junctions of lithospheric plates, in which, due to convection, magma rotates at a speed of 1-5 cm per year.
The assertion that lithospheric plates move due to magma gates that rotate at the junctions of lithospheric plates is questionable.
Thanks to currents, eddies and magma-gates, only pits can form in the earth's crust, and not the drift of continents and "lithospheric plates".
https://images.app.goo.gl/yS56u6oYvaMtavLi6Questions arise:
1. How many cells move the lithospheric plate and how are they synchronized?
b) How are tectonic, lithospheric and continental magma-rotations synchronized?
https://images.app.goo.gl/Lf2Xa6tYhE9JF4J992. What do magma-turns rely on when moving lithospheric plates?
a) Motion without support, contradicts the two-body problem - Newton's Third Law.
"The force of action is equal to the force of reaction."
b) Moreover, magma-turns themselves will repel from the lithospheric plates in the opposite direction. Since, lithospheric plates are much more massive than magma-rot.
c) oceanic and magmatic currents are too weak to move lithospheric plates or affect the axial velocity of the Earth.
d) the rotation of the planets, due to internal forces, contradicts the elementary laws of mechanics.
3. The width of the crack of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is several meters, and the distance between the continents is several thousand kilometers.
4. The total length of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is more than 18 thousand km. and is broken by transverse faults up to 600 km long.
https://images.app.goo.gl/cHbdb1i6RSeqDe7z6 https://uc.xyz/Xc1Ki?pub=linka) what is the total length of the magma gate, under the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and how does the magma gate affect transverse faults?
https://images.app.goo.gl/cqn26EqbMcoqATp665. In North America, the movement of the Juan de Fuca ridge was observed for two years: no movement of the ridge was found.
https://uc.xyz/10W5re?pub=linkhttp://www.evgengusev.narod.ru/spb/zhirnov-2011.htmla) No long-term data for the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, although the ridge is inland in Iceland.
https://images.app.goo.gl/vabkhhfCca979hDJ96. Why, along the perimeter of the Atlantic Ocean, did not a ring of fire form, as in the Pacific Ocean?
https://uc.xyz/10L8Sq?pub=link7. Quote from Wikipedia: "Continents do not float on the oceanic crust, but move along the mantle, being passively soldered into lithospheric plates."
https://uc.xyz/104XGE?pub=linka) This means: "Continents do not move along the oceanic crust, but move along the mantle, on the oceanic plate."
At the same time, it is believed that the continents do not move on lithospheric plates.
b) How to understand the phrase "passively soldered".
It is believed that over hundreds of millions of years, the Earth's surface has been constantly changing, supercontinents formed and disintegrated.
The supercontinent Rodinia disintegrated about 750 million years ago. Then it formed and broke up into six continents - the supercontinent Pangea.
https://uc.xyz/YBUBk?pub=linkQuestions arise:
1. For Pangea to form, magma-convection currents must move to one point, and for Pangea to disintegrate, magma-convection currents must turn around.
a) How does the mechanism of reversal, magma-turns work?
2. In which sea did the Amazon and Congo rivers flow before the collapse of Pangea?
a) What mark did this sea leave?
3. Huge streams - water and air drift across the Earth with a specific purpose. And for what purpose are the continents drifting?
4. I believe that the evolution of the Earth was accompanied not by the drift of continents, but by a change in the inclination of the Earth's axis, due to which thermophilic plants and animals lived beyond the Arctic Circle.
For this reason, the remains of thermophilic plants and animals are found in Antarctica.
5.
https://images.app.goo.gl/wJhvfGJ88jwUrKT86The animation shows India crossing the equator and moving north, despite the magma gate cell remaining in the southern hemisphere.
a) The assertion that India is sailing from south to north at a speed of 4 cm per year, like an icebreaker in the ocean, is questionable.
b) With what speed and what was India sailing northward, before the collision with Eurasia?
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subduction6. It is believed that India, having collided with the Eurasian plate, turns 90 degrees and moves towards the core of the earth.
a) Why do not cracks form at the place of bending of the slab?
7. It is believed that when the oceanic plate goes under the continental, a depression is formed with a depth of more than 10 km.
https://uc.xyz/15U4Da?pub=linka) At the same time, most of the depressions in the oceans are too far from the continents and they are not everywhere.
https://uc.xyz/16caO0?pub=linkb) If India goes under the Himalayas, why did not a depression or a reservoir form at the foot of the Himalayas?
https://images.app.goo.gl/EkLp3TDpVYcBf3MB8 https://images.app.goo.gl/pA2CmLgYpje7SzWC6https://neftegaz.ru/tech-library/geology/148157-kraevoy-progib/8. What plate goes under the Ural Mountains, and what depth was formed at the foot of the Ural Mountains?
https://uc.xyz/15U2dY?pub=linka) Is there a shear movement of plates in the south and north of the Ural Mountains?
https://slide-share.ru/kak-dvizhutsya-litosfernie-pliti-69693b) The Ural Mountains - a seismically active crack, which diverges at a rate of 0 to 5 mm per year, and not the result of "plate compression".
9. It is believed that the Eurasian, Indian and Philippine plates compress Lake Baikal.
a) Then why do the shores of Lake Baikal diverge at a rate of 2 cm per year.
10. There is an opinion that Lake Baikal was formed as a result of the divergence of the fault line at a rate of 2-4 cm per year.
a) Then why didn’t Baikal form along the entire fault line, both in length and in depth?
b) With what speed does the bottom of Baikal diverge?
c) What is the bottom of Baikal based on if the width of the fault under Baikal is several tens of kilometers?
https://uc.xyz/114cQG?pub=link https://uc.xyz/119ET4?pub=link 11. It is possible that deep-sea lakes, seas and rivers, as well as depressions in the oceans, are the result of successive explosions in a ridge crack followed by a sinkhole.
https://uc.xyz/119hVG?pub=linka) After the formation of lakes, the banks should converge, not diverge.
https://uc.xyz/119hVG?pub=linka) After the formation of lakes, the banks should converge, not diverge.
12. Perhaps the Red and Adriatic seas, lakes Baikal and Tanganyika were formed as a result of the collapse of the earth's crust.
https://uc.xyz/11k3W8?pub=link13. The assertion that lithospheric plates compress Africa from the east and west, thereby splitting Africa in two, is contrary to elementary logic.
https://foxford.ru/wiki/geografiya/pliti-litosferia) If the East African Ridge is splitting for more than thirty million years at a rate of 1 cm per year, why is the crack width 3 meters, not 30 km.
b) The East African Ridge is a seismically active crack, which diverges at a rate of 0 to 2 mm per year, and not the result of "plate movement".
https://wikiboard.ru/wiki/East_African_Rift Continuation: Forum of Akademgorodok Novosibirsk. The science.
https://forum.academ.club/index.php?showtopic=1235578Forms of the Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky.
http://forum.unn.ru/viewtopic.php?f=39&t=10331&sid=cfbc49e0cf32263eff20888ca205ab15
