In Michigan, lake effect snow is set up primarily when there is open water on the lake and there is an arctic outbreak of cold NW wind. You can see the snow streamers set up on radar in the middle of the lake.
The west side of the state gets it the worst, places like Kalamazoo, Traverse City and of course the UP where the wind comes off of Lake Superior.
Here is SE Lower Michigan (Detroit area), the lake effect snow doesn't normally reach this far when we have West or NW winds off of Lake Michigan.
Sometimes, during storms we can get "lake effect enhanced" snow that adds to the storm when we get East or NE wind.
I am sure that members near Buffalo NY can comment about their famous LES. (as can other locations too)
Greg